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Research, writing, and software projects across pharmacovigilance, data science, and statistical computing.

Profile

Jeffery Painter

Raleigh, NC

Education

  • MS — Georgia Institute of Technology, Computer Science (2024)
  • JD — NCCU School of Law (2015)
  • BS — NCSU, Applied Mathematics (2009)
  • BS — NCSU, Computer Science (2007), minors in Statistics & Cognitive Science

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Jeffery Painter

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Publications

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  Title Citation Year

1.

Leveraging AI for automated extraction of drug–event details from complex ICSR narratives
Olivia Mahaux, Naomi Oladele Aduroja, Louise-Emma Ngwi Sama, Vijay Kara, Gregory Powell, Jeffery L. Painter, and Andrew Bate. Leveraging AI for automated extraction of drug–event details from complex ICSR narratives. 42nd ISPE Annual Meeting. Milan, Italy. August 29–September 2, 2026. Poster A-457; presented by Gregory Powell.

2026

2.

Semantic similarity-informed Bayesian borrowing for quantitative signal detection: A FAERS anaphylaxis case study
Gregory Powell, François Haguinet, Jeffery L. Painter, and Andrew Bate. Semantic similarity-informed Bayesian borrowing for quantitative signal detection: A FAERS anaphylaxis case study. 42nd ISPE Annual Meeting. Milan, Italy. August 29–September 2, 2026. Poster B-359; presented by Gregory Powell.

2026

3.

Systematic inclusion of clinical trial information as informative priors for quantitative safety signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems
François Haguinet, Jeffery Painter, Gregory Powell, and Andrew Bate. Systematic inclusion of clinical trial information as informative priors for quantitative safety signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems. 42nd ISPE Annual Meeting. Milan, Italy. August 29–September 2, 2026. Poster C-323; presented by François Haguinet.

2026

4.

Comparison of data-driven vector representations and ontology-based semantic similarity measures for grouping adverse event terms
François Haguinet, Jeffery L. Painter, Gregory Powell, and Andrew Bate. Comparison of data-driven vector representations and ontology-based semantic similarity measures for grouping adverse event terms. 42nd ISPE Annual Meeting. Milan, Italy. August 29–September 2, 2026. Poster C-322; presented by François Haguinet.

2026

5.

Optimising Pharmacovigilance Efficiency with MLIT (Machine Learning for Intelligent Triage): A Tool for Statistical Safety Alerts
Luciano Ciccarelli, Olivia Mahaux, Christie Roshan, Ami Fofana, Anna Kawka, Emilia Occhipinti, Mariapia Possidente, Silvia Cenci, Jeffery L. Painter, and Andrew Bate. Optimising Pharmacovigilance Efficiency with MLIT (Machine Learning for Intelligent Triage): A Tool for Statistical Safety Alerts. Drug Safety. August 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-026-01696-0

2026

6.

The Right Amount of Wrong: Error Injection for AI Oversight
Kacey Fang, Greg E. Powell, Jeffery L. Painter, Andrew Bate, and Michael Li. The Right Amount of Wrong: Error Injection for AI Oversight. SSRN preprint. July 2026. Posted July 14, 2026; revised August 5, 2026. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7108438

2026

7.

Leveraging Semantic Clinical Similarity to Improve Early Signal Detection: Ontology-Informed Bayesian Borrowing for Pharmacovigilance Signal Detection
Jeffery Painter. Leveraging Semantic Clinical Similarity to Improve Early Signal Detection: Ontology-Informed Bayesian Borrowing for Pharmacovigilance Signal Detection. Presentation in the session “Utilizing Signal Detection Methodologies: A Toolkit for Diverse Product Types,” DIA 2026 Global Annual Meeting. June 17, 2026. Session #643, 4:00–5:00 PM, Room 118AB.

2026

8.

Large language models and retrieval augmented generation for complex clinical codelists: evaluating performance and assessing failure modes
Julian Matthewman, Spiros Denaxas, Sinead Langan, Jeffery L Painter Jr, and Andrew Bate. Large language models and retrieval augmented generation for complex clinical codelists: evaluating performance and assessing failure modes. medRxiv, pp. 2026–04. 2026. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.23.26351098

2026

9.

Development of a European Union Time-Indexed Reference Dataset for Assessing the Performance of Signal Detection Methods in Pharmacovigilance using a Large Language Model
Maria Kefala, Jeffery L Painter, Syed Tauhid Bukhari, and Maurizio Sessa. Development of a European Union Time-Indexed Reference Dataset for Assessing the Performance of Signal Detection Methods in Pharmacovigilance using a Large Language Model. arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.26544. 2026. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.26544

2026

10.

CTG-DB: An Ontology-Based Transformation of ClinicalTrials.gov to Enable Cross-Trial Drug Safety Analyses
J.L. Painter, F. Haguinet, and A. Bate. CTG-DB: An Ontology-Based Transformation of ClinicalTrials.gov to Enable Cross-Trial Drug Safety Analyses. 3, 2026. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.15936

2026

11.

Orchestrating generative AI in pharmacovigilance: predicting and preempting the unpredictable
Darmendra Ramcharran, Jeffery L Painter, Vijay Kara, Michael Glaser, Marco Vanini, Venkateswara Rao Chalamalasetti, Christopher Golds, Azza Abdelkarim, Andrew Bate, and Jens-Ulrich Stegmann. Orchestrating generative AI in pharmacovigilance: predicting and preempting the unpredictable. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 16: 20420986251396023. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/20420986251396023

2025

12.

The need for guardrails with large language models in pharmacovigilance and other medical safety critical settings
Joe B Hakim, Jeffery L Painter, Darmendra Ramcharran, Vijay Kara, Greg Powell, Paulina Sobczak, Chiho Sato, Andrew Bate, and Andrew Beam. The need for guardrails with large language models in pharmacovigilance and other medical safety critical settings. Scientific Reports 15(1): 27886. 2025.

2025

13.

Perspective review: Will generative AI make common data models obsolete in future analyses of distributed data networks?
Jeffery L. Painter, Darmendra Ramcharran, and Andrew Bate. Perspective review: Will generative AI make common data models obsolete in future analyses of distributed data networks?. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 16: 20420986251332743. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/20420986251332743

2025

14.

Semantic Similarity-Informed Bayesian Borrowing for Quantitative Signal Detection of Adverse Events
F. Haguinet, J.L. Painter, G.E. Powell, A Callegaro, and A. Bate. Semantic Similarity-Informed Bayesian Borrowing for Quantitative Signal Detection of Adverse Events. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.12052. 03, 2025. Posted 2025 Apr 16. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.12052

2025

15.

Ontology-based Semantic Similarity Measures for Clustering Medical Concepts in Drug Safety
J.L. Painter, F. Haguinet, G.E. Powell, and A. Bate. Ontology-based Semantic Similarity Measures for Clustering Medical Concepts in Drug Safety. AMIA Annual Symposium. 11, 2025. Presented November 16, 2025. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.20737

2025

16.

PVLens: Enhancing pharmacovigilance through automated label extraction
J.L. Painter, G.E. Powell, and A. Bate. PVLens: Enhancing pharmacovigilance through automated label extraction. AMIA Annual Symposium. 11, 2025. Presented November 18, 2025. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.20639

2025

17.

Automating pharmacovigilance evidence generation: using large language models to produce context-aware structured query language
Jeffery L Painter, Venkateswara Rao Chalamalasetti, Raymond Kassekert, and Andrew Bate. Automating pharmacovigilance evidence generation: using large language models to produce context-aware structured query language. JAMIA open 8(1): ooaf003. 2025.

2025

18.

An Application of Bayesian Modelling for Information Sharing in Safety Signal Detection
F Haguinet, Mahaux O, J.L. Painter, and A. Bate. An Application of Bayesian Modelling for Information Sharing in Safety Signal Detection. 2024 ISPE Annual Meeting, Berlin, Germany, pp. 601–602. 2024.

2024

19.

Ontology-based Semantic Similarity Measures in Drug Safety: A Literature Review
F Haguinet, J.L. Painter, and A. Bate. Ontology-based Semantic Similarity Measures in Drug Safety: A Literature Review. 2024 ISPE Annual Meeting, Berlin, Germany, pp. 601–602. 2024.

2024

20.

Developing an R Shiny Interactive Module for Teaching Statistics to High School Students
Jeffery Painter. Developing an R Shiny Interactive Module for Teaching Statistics to High School Students. 07, 2024. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28736.96005

2024

21.

The Need for Guardrails with Large Language Models in Medical Safety-Critical Settings: An Artificial Intelligence Application in the Pharmacovigilance Ecosystem
Joe B Hakim, Jeffery L Painter, Darmendra Ramcharran, Vijay Kara, Greg Powell, Paulina Sobczak, Chiho Sato, Andrew Bate, and Andrew Beam. The Need for Guardrails with Large Language Models in Medical Safety-Critical Settings: An Artificial Intelligence Application in the Pharmacovigilance Ecosystem. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.18322. 2024.

2024

22.

Refining the impact of genetic evidence on clinical success
Eric Vallabh Minikel, Jeffery L Painter, Coco Chengliang Dong, and Matthew R Nelson. Refining the impact of genetic evidence on clinical success. Nature 629(8012): 624–629. 2024.

2024

23.

Enhancing drug safety documentation search capabilities with large language models: a user-centric approach
Jeffery L Painter, Olivia Mahaux, Marco Vanini, Vijay Kara, Christie Roshan, Marcin Karwowski, Venkateswara Rao Chalamalasetti, and Andrew Bate. Enhancing drug safety documentation search capabilities with large language models: a user-centric approach. 2023 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI), pp. 49–56. 2023.

2023

24.

Semi-automation of keratopathy visual acuity grading of corneal events in belantamab mafodotin clinical trials: clinical decision support software
Mala K Talekar, Jeffery L Painter, Mica A Elizalde, Michele Thomas, and Heather K Stein. Semi-automation of keratopathy visual acuity grading of corneal events in belantamab mafodotin clinical trials: clinical decision support software. Frontiers in Digital Health 5: 1138453. 2023.

2023

25.

NLP and Machine Learning to Automate Identification of Suspected Medication Errors from Real World Unstructured Narratives
J Painter, F Haguinet, C Cranfield, A Bate. ISPOR: Value in Health Informatics, June 2023, Boston, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.03.1556

2023

26.

An industry perspective on the use of machine learning in drug and vaccine safety
Jeffery L Painter, Raymond Kassekert, and Andrew Bate. An industry perspective on the use of machine learning in drug and vaccine safety. Frontiers in Drug Safety and Regulation 3: 1110498. 2023.

2023

27.

Leveraging Data Pathways for Next Generation Safety Monitoring of Medicines and Vaccines
Jeffery L Painter, Laurie Girard, Michael Glaser, and Andrew Bate. Leveraging Data Pathways for Next Generation Safety Monitoring of Medicines and Vaccines. 2022 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI), pp. 1570–1576. 2022.

2022

28.

Identifying barriers to enrollment in patient pregnancy registries: building evidence through crowdsourcing
Jeanne M Pimenta, Jeffery L Painter, Kim Gemzoe, Roger Abramino Levy, Marcy Powell, Paige Meizlik, and Gregory Powell. Identifying barriers to enrollment in patient pregnancy registries: building evidence through crowdsourcing. JMIR Formative Research 6(5): e30573. 2022.

2022

29.

Engaging patients via online healthcare fora: three pharmacovigilance use cases
Greg Powell, Vijay Kara, Jeffery L Painter, Lorrie Schifano, Erin Merico, and Andrew Bate. Engaging patients via online healthcare fora: three pharmacovigilance use cases. Frontiers in Pharmacology 13: 901355. 2022.

2022

30.

Artificial intelligence based on machine learning in pharmacovigilance: a scoping review
Benjamin Kompa, Joe B Hakim, Anil Palepu, Kathryn Grace Kompa, Michael Smith, Paul A Bain, Stephen Woloszynek, Jeffery L Painter, Andrew Bate, and Andrew L Beam. Artificial intelligence based on machine learning in pharmacovigilance: a scoping review. Drug Safety 45(5): 477–491. 2022.

2022

31.

Longitudinal medical insights from internet fora
Gregory Powell, Jeffery L Painter, Jessica Jay, Shengmei Yin, and Andrew Bate. Longitudinal medical insights from internet fora. PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, pp. 509–510. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.5114

2020

32.

Developing crowdsourced training data sets for pharmacovigilance intelligent automation
Alex Gartland, Andrew Bate, Jeffery L Painter, Tim A Casperson, and Gregory Eugene Powell. Developing crowdsourced training data sets for pharmacovigilance intelligent automation. Drug Safety 44: 373–382. 2021.

2021

33.

Crowdsourcing as a novel method to assess the impact of drug exposure on Belimumab pregnancy registry enrollment
Kim Gemzoe, Jeffery L Painter, Jeanne Pimenta, and Greg Powell. Crowdsourcing as a novel method to assess the impact of drug exposure on Belimumab pregnancy registry enrollment. PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, pp. 436–436. 2019.

2019

34.

A Day in the Life of a Data Scientist: Modeling the Impact of Subscriber Attrition with Variability
LinkedIn Article by JL Painter, Dec 13, 2017.

2017

35.

Leveraging Crowdsourcing to Help Classify Social Media Data for Medical and Patient Safety Insights
Alex Gartland, JL Painter, Tim Casperson and Greg E. Powell. AMIA Poster Presentation, Washington, DC, Nov 04-08, 2017.

2017

36.

Case Study: Computing Complexity Scores to Identify Patients of Interest from Inspire.com Forums for Safety and Beyond
Michele Thomas, Amy Curry, JL Painter, Arhooj Akhtar, Lorrie Schifano, and Greg E. Powell , DIA Poster Presentation, Chicago, IL, June 20, 2017.

2017

37.

DIAmond session: People Will Talk: Gathering Insights from Digital Listening
Lorrie Schifano, PharmD (Chair), DIA, Chicago, IL, June 20, 2017.

2017

38.

Using social listening data to monitor misuse and nonmedical use of bupropion: a content analysis
Laurie S Anderson, Heidi G Bell, Michael Gilbert, Julie E Davidson, Christina Winter, Monica J Barratt, Beta Win, Jeffery L Painter, Christopher Menone, Jonathan Sayegh, and others. Using social listening data to monitor misuse and nonmedical use of bupropion: a content analysis. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 3(1): e6174. 2017.

2017

39.

On the Perils and Pitfalls of PRR Analysis
Jeffery Painter. , JSM, Chicago, IL, July, 2016.

2016

40.

Application of Classification and Clustering Methods on mVoC (Medical Voice of Customer) data for Scientific Engagement
Yingzi Xu, JL Painter. , JSM, Chicago, IL, July, 2016.

2016

41.

Strategies for distributed curation of social media data for safety and pharmacovigilance
Tim A Casperson, Jeffery L Painter, and Juergen Dietrich. Strategies for distributed curation of social media data for safety and pharmacovigilance. Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Science (ICDATA), pp. 118. 2016.

2016

42.

Social media listening for routine post-marketing safety surveillance
Gregory E Powell, Harry A Seifert, Tjark Reblin, Phil J Burstein, James Blowers, J Alan Menius, Jeffery L Painter, Michele Thomas, Carrie E Pierce, Harold W Rodriguez, and others. Social media listening for routine post-marketing safety surveillance. Drug safety 39: 443–454. 2016.

2016

43.

Performance of stratified and subgrouped disproportionality analyses in spontaneous databases
Suzie Seabroke, Gianmario Candore, Kristina Juhlin, Naashika Quarcoo, Antoni Wisniewski, Ramin Arani, Jeffery Painter, Philip Tregunno, G Niklas Noren, and Jim Slattery. Performance of stratified and subgrouped disproportionality analyses in spontaneous databases. Drug safety 39: 355–364. 2016.

2016

44.

Safety Assessment and Selection Bias: Who Uses Social Media to Communicate About Medications?
Rachael L DiSantostefano, Jeffery L Painter, Michele Thomas, and Greg Powell. Safety Assessment and Selection Bias: Who Uses Social Media to Communicate About Medications?. PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, pp. 547–548. 2015.

2015

45.

What are People Talking About? Medication Discussions on Social Media
Michele Thomas, Bradley Turnbull, Jeffery Painter, Rachael DiSantostefano, and Greg Powell. What are People Talking About? Medication Discussions on Social Media. PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, pp. 547–548. 2015.

2015

46.

Comparison of Events in Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports to Events Discussed Within Context of Drug Use on Facebook and Twitter
Gregory Powell, Heidi Bell, Harold Rodriguez, Michele Thomas, Jeffery Painter, Cath Harvey, James Blowers, and Nabarun Dasgupta. Comparison of Events in Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports to Events Discussed Within Context of Drug Use on Facebook and Twitter. PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, pp. 441–441. 2015.

2015

47.

The support of human genetic evidence for approved drug indications
Matthew R Nelson, Hannah Tipney, Jeffery L Painter, Judong Shen, Paola Nicoletti, Yufeng Shen, Aris Floratos, Pak Chung Sham, Mulin Jun Li, Junwen Wang, and others. The support of human genetic evidence for approved drug indications. Nature genetics 47(8): 856–860. 2015.

2015

48.

A proposed modification to Hy's law and Edish criteria in oncology clinical trials using aggregated historical data
Daniel Parks, Xiwu Lin, Jeffery L Painter, Jie Cheng, Christine M Hunt, Colin F Spraggs, Jeanenne J Nelson, Lloyd Curtis, J Alan Menius, and Kwan R Lee. A proposed modification to Hy's law and Edish criteria in oncology clinical trials using aggregated historical data. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 22(6): 571–578. 2013.

2013

49.

Predicting breast cancer chemotherapeutic response using a novel tool for microarray data analysis
Jie Cheng, Joel Greshock, Jeffery Painter, Xiwu Lin, Kwan Lee, Shu Zheng, and Alan Menius. Predicting breast cancer chemotherapeutic response using a novel tool for microarray data analysis. Journal of integrative bioinformatics 9(2): 80–87. 2012.

2012

50.

Performance of observational screening by system organ class
Gregory E Powell and Jeffery L Painter. Performance of observational screening by system organ class. PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, pp. 231–231. 2012.

2012

51.

Validation of multivariate outlier detection analyses used to identify potential drug-induced liver injury in clinical trial populations
Xiwu Lin, Daniel Parks, Jeffery Painter, Christine M Hunt, Heide A Stirnadel-Farrant, Jie Cheng, Alan Menius, and Kwan Lee. Validation of multivariate outlier detection analyses used to identify potential drug-induced liver injury in clinical trial populations. Drug safety 35: 865–875. 2012.

2012

52.

An Imaging Framework for the Analysis of Longitudinal High-Dimensional Data
Jeffery L Painter. An Imaging Framework for the Analysis of Longitudinal High-Dimensional Data. Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition (IPCV), pp. 1. 2012.

2012

53.

Enhanced Biomedical Taxonomy Mapping Through Use of a Semantic Measure of Proximity
Jeffery L. Painter. Enhanced Biomedical Taxonomy Mapping Through Use of a Semantic Measure of Proximity. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Information & Knowledge Engineering (IKE 2011), pp. 187–191. Las Vegas, NV, USA. 2011. WorldComp 2011, July 18–21, 2011.

2011

54.

Development and evaluation of a common data model enabling active drug safety surveillance using disparate healthcare databases
Stephanie J Reisinger, Patrick B Ryan, Donald J O'Hara, Gregory E Powell, Jeffery L Painter, Edward N Pattishall, and Jonathan A Morris. Development and evaluation of a common data model enabling active drug safety surveillance using disparate healthcare databases. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 17(6): 652–662. 2010.

2010

55.

Containing the Cloud: Security Issues in a Large-Scale Observational Pharmacovigilance Research Project
Jeffery L. Painter. Containing the Cloud: Security Issues in a Large-Scale Observational Pharmacovigilance Research Project. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Security & Management (SAM 2010), pp. 3–9. Las Vegas, NV, USA. 2010. WorldComp 2010, July 12–15, 2010.

2010

56.

Toward automating an inference model on unstructured terminologies: OXMIS case study
Jeffery L Painter. Toward automating an inference model on unstructured terminologies: OXMIS case study. Advances in Computational Biology, pp. 645–651. 2010.

2010

57.

Codeslinger: An interactive biomedical ontology browser
Jeffery L Painter and Natalie L Flowers. Codeslinger: An interactive biomedical ontology browser. Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe, pp. 260–264. 2009.

2009

58.

Construction and annotation of a UMLS/SNOMED-based drug ontology for observational pharmacovigilance
Gary H Merrill, Patrick B Ryan, and Jeffery L Painter. Construction and annotation of a UMLS/SNOMED-based drug ontology for observational pharmacovigilance. Methods. 2008.

2008

59.

Defining medical conditions by mapping ICD-9 to MedDRA: a systematic approach to integrating disparate observational data sources for enabling enhanced pharmacovigilance analyses
PB Ryan, JL Painter, and GH Merrill. Defining medical conditions by mapping ICD-9 to MedDRA: a systematic approach to integrating disparate observational data sources for enabling enhanced pharmacovigilance analyses. Poster presented at the 44th Annual Drug Information Association Meeting, Boston, MA. 2008.

2008

60.

Using SNOMED to normalize and aggregate drug references in the Safetyworks observational pharmacovigilance project
Gary H Merrill, Patrick B Ryan, and Jeffery L Painter. Using SNOMED to normalize and aggregate drug references in the Safetyworks observational pharmacovigilance project. KR-MED 2008, pp. 126. 2008.

2008

61.

A Mapping Between SNOMED-CT and the OXMIS Coding Scheme
JL Painter. KR-MED, Phoenix, AZ 2008, (Poster session).

2008

62.

Introduction to the UMLS for Text Analytics
JL Painter and GH Merrill. Technical Briefing for NC State Univeristy's Advanced Analytics Graduate Program. Presented September 12, 2007.

2007

63.

Inter-translation of Biomedical Coding Schemes Using UMLS.
Jeffrey L Painter, Kristopher M Kleiner, and Gary H Merrill. Inter-translation of Biomedical Coding Schemes Using UMLS. AAAI Fall Symposium: Semantic Web for Collaborative Knowledge Acquisition, pp. 110–111. 2006.

2006